LESSON 17/18

BIG BUSINESS

The evolutionary process of manufacturing reached a new step after the Civil War. Many new inventions were introduced. Two of the most important were the blast furnace and the electric light. Explain how these two new ideas affected the factory system. In addition, communication had changed with the invention of the telephone and the typewriter. Make a list of new inventions and their inventors.

Big Buisness is sometimes defined in the difference between horizontal and vertical integration. Explain the differences in these terms and give examples of men like Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, and John D. Rockefeller who used these ideas the best. Also, Andrew Carnegie redefined the ideas of wealth. What was considered rich before and after Carnegie. How did this lead to the discussion of gold vs. silver?

Finally, the American labor movement had its beginnings during this era. However, there was not much success. Why?

TERMS

J. P. Morgan

Jay Gould

Cornelius Vanderbuilt

Alexander G. Bell

Wright Brothers

Laissez Faire

consolidation

trust

chain store

immigration

skyline

fire traps

dehumanized labor

mass transit

Samuel Gompers

Knights of Labor

American Federation of Labor

Grangers

AP EXAM QUESTIONS

2001 PART C

Question 4

How and why did transportation developments spark economic growth during the period from 1860 to 1900 in the United States?

2002 FORM B, PART B

Question 3

Identify and analyze the factors that changed the American city in the second half of the nineteenth century.

2003 FORM B, PART C

Question 4

Analyze the ways in which farmers and industrial workers responded to industrialization in the Gilded Age (1865-1900).

2004 FORM B, PART C

Question 4

Analyze the primary causes of the population shift from a rural to an urban environment in the Unites States between 1875 and 1925.

2007 FORM B, PART C

Question 4

Explain how TWO of the following individuals responded to the economic and social problems created by industrialization during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Jane Addams

Andrew Carnegie

Samuel Gompers

Upton Sinclair

2007 FORM A, PART A

Question 1

Analyze the ways in which technology, government policy, and economic conditions changed american agriculture in the period 1865 to 1900. In your answer be sure to evaluate farmers' responses to thes changes.

(Use the documents at http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/history_us/samp.html?ushist and your knowledge of the period 1865 to 1900 to answer the question.)

GOSPEL OF WEALTH

READING TO CONSIDER

1. Who was Carnegie?

2. What were his ideas concerning what to do with wealth?

3. Why call it a gospel?

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal,..." Declaration of Independence, 1776